Performance Management And Selection Management - 1460 Words

Two HR Systems. 1. Performance management and selection 2. Strategic Reward Management. Performance Management Performance management is a process where the full complement of owners, managers and employees work in unison to achieve the best result for the organization. One annual performance review does not constitute performance management. Continuous improvement is the desired goal and this can be achieved by setting specified organizational objectives, allocating these to specified employees and then by management continually reviewing progress made providing the necessary guidance and feedback when employees err, and by ensuring that the employees themselves are attaining their desired goals and objectives.(†¦show more content†¦He goes on to provide an easy guide to managing performance, 1. Identify the problem 2. Assess and Analyze the Problem 3. Meet with the Employee in question and discuss the problem 4. Devise a solution with the employee 5. Monitor Performance (http://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/711/Managing-underperformance-best-practice-guide.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y) Managers need to be aware of factors that can improve current performance management processes. †¢ Strategy –HR departments need to focus on how they can better support staff to achieve optimal behavioural patterns while supporting the company’s overall strategy. †¢ Simplicity- By keeping processes simple, you reduce red tape and unnecessary time consuming process that add very little value to the organization. †¢ Review Feedback- Thoroughly review all employee feedback that is received during the performance review as this becomes a critical element in performance management. †¢ Management Competency- Equipping managers to be fluent in the requirements of performance management is essential to ensure optimal levels of accountability are achieved and maintained.(Human capital matters)[1] The HR council of California says that performance management objectives and measurements need to follow the SMART principal, namely †¢ Specific

Criminal Activity And Its Control - 1851 Words

Within the first section of this essay it will explore the ways in which contemporary criminology such as realist and critical challenge popular representations, commonsensical images and explanations of crime and its control. Contemporary criminology uses scientific methodology, creating research data that looks at the larger issue of crime, being the social construct of ever altering societies and cultures. Contemporary criminology contains a wide range of theoretical approaches from which all take stands against the older theories like Lombroso’s classic theory ‘Born criminals’. As a result criminologists recognises that what is perceived as criminal activity and crime is constantly altering. â€Å"Radical criminology came about in the late 1960’s and originates from a group of sociologists and activists which all shared the same two views: a dissatisfaction with ‘traditional’ or mainstream criminology, and the fact that they were largely influenced by the labelling perspective† (Coleman and Norris, 2000, p.73.) it is from this group that radical criminology was ‘born’. Radical criminology is a textbook example of ever changing criminological theories which indeed challenges popular representations of crime like the media. Radical criminological theories do not conform to a single definition; it originates from a few different criminological theories such as Marxism and feminism. 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Information System for Automated Teller Machines-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInformation System for Automated Teller Machines. Answer: Confidentiality- Confidentiality in ATM cards means keeping the credentials of the cards private and protects them from data breach. The sensitive information that is the security pin, card number, the CVV number are to be kept private. Confidentiality ensures that right person should have access to the right information and protects them to reach to wrong people (Chen, Pande Mohapatra, 2014). To keep the data confidential, the experts of information security system makes the system more secured. Integrity- The main purpose of integrity is to maintain the trustworthiness, consistency, and accuracy of the data throughout the life cycle of the system. The data that is available in the ATM card should not be changed or altered by some unauthorized people in case of data breach. Data integrity ensures user access control and file permission access to the users. Security should be established in case there is some alteration of data that are generally caused by human interruption. Availability- The availability of data ensures that the data should be available with the ATM user for the transaction to occur successful. Availability ensures that proper functioning of the system should be there with all the software on update. There should be proper safeguards to protect the available data that user has access (Luca et al., 2015). There should no denial-of-service attack for the available data. According to the question, the thief broke five keys of the ATM machine and also jammed the card reader of the machine. When the customer came to withdraw money, his transaction was successful, but he was not able to take out the card, as the reader was jammed. The customer went to seek help outside to take the card, at the mean while the thief thought of taking out some money from the ATM. As he has broken five keys, he was only left with five keys. With those five keys, he has a total possibility of 5! /(5-4)! = 120 ways by which the thief can get the pin of the ATM. But, the thief cannot enter 120 time the pin in the ATM because of the security purpose. The ATM machine security gives a maximum limit of three times to enter the pin of the ATM (Kim et al., 2015). After three times wrong pin, the card will be automatically blocked and the customer will get to know about that. There are many reasons for which the users depends on biometric authentication for their security of personal and official credentials. The advantages of biometric authentication are listed below: Biometric authentication provides convenience to the users. The level of convenience is generally increased with the biometric authentication. With all the practices that are involved in biometric authentication, there is no need to secure them with password. To remember passwords all the times they are changed are very difficult to remember. Biometric authentication does not need all such difficulties. The biometric is very easy to use as it only scans the physical parts of the body (Barbosa Silva, 2015). The installation process of biometric is also very easy and there is no headache of remembering the password for authentication. The fingerprint, voice scanning, face and retina are generally used for the biometric authentication. Another advantage of biometric authentication is that the parts that are scanned are actually non-transferable. The passwords and user ids can be transferable and consumes much time. But the biometric authentication consumes less amount of time of almost less than 5 seconds. The false positive authentication of biometric mainly happens when the data of an un-authenticated user seems to be similar to that of the authenticated one (Alsaadi, 2015). The database of the biometric thinks that the credentials of an authenticated user is similar to that of un-authenticated user and allows the unauthenticated user to access the system. Whereas, biometric authentication that is false negative generally happens when the authenticated user is rejected from the accessing the system. The system cannot detect the authenticate user. Decryption can be done by columnar transposition method to decrypt a plain text with transposition algorithm. The given plain text is NTJWKHXK AMK WWUJJYZTX MWKXZKUHE along with key 234 The decryption can be done by Caesar cipher and the substitution algorithm to decrypt the text. Encrypted Text N T J W K H X K The numeric value of alphabets 14 20 10 23 11 8 24 11 Key given is 234 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded code from substitution cipher 12 17 6 21 8 4 22 8 Shifting 3 in Caeser cipher 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded value from caeser cipher 9 14 3 18 5 1 19 5 Final Decrpyted Text I N C R E A S E Encrypted Text A M K The numeric value of alphabets 1 13 11 Key given is 234 4 2 3 Decoded code from substitution cipher 23 11 8 Shifting 3 in Caeser cipher 3 3 3 Decoded value from caeser cipher 20 8 5 Final Decrpyted Text T H E Encrypted Text W W U J J Y Z T X The numeric value of alphabets 23 23 21 10 10 25 26 20 24 Key given is 234 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded code from substitution cipher 19 21 18 6 8 22 22 18 21 Shifting 3 in Caeser cipher 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded value from caeser cipher 16 18 15 3 5 19 19 15 18 Final Decrpyted Text P R O C E S S O R Encrypted Text M W K X Z K U H E The numeric value of alphabets 13 23 11 24 26 11 21 8 5 Key given is 234 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded code from substitution cipher 9 21 8 20 24 8 17 6 2 Shifting 3 in Caeser cipher 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded value from caeser cipher 6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 25 Final Decrpyted Text F R E Q U E N C Y The code decrypted is INCREASE THE PROCESSOR FREQUENCY References Alsaadi, I. M. (2015). Physiological Biometric Authentication Systems, Advantages, Disadvantages And Future Development: A Review.International Journal Of Scientific Technology Research,4(8), 285-289. Barbosa, F. G., Silva, W. L. S. (2015, November). Support vector machines, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and the Discrete Cosine Transform applied on voice based biometric authentication. InSAI Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), 2015(pp. 1032-1039). IEEE. Chen, S., Pande, A., Mohapatra, P. (2014, June). Sensor-assisted facial recognition: an enhanced biometric authentication system for smartphones. InProceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services(pp. 109-122). ACM. De Luca, A., Hang, A., Von Zezschwitz, E., Hussmann, H. (2015, April). I feel like I'm taking selfies all day!: towards understanding biometric authentication on smartphones. InProceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 1411-1414). ACM. Kim, H., Park, J., Lee, J., Ryou, J. (2015). Biometric authentication technology trends in smart device environment. InMobile and Wireless Technology 2015(pp. 199-206). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Padini SWOT Report Essay Essay Example

Padini SWOT Report Essay Essay Padini is a taking trade name in Malaysia. There are broad scope in manner and pricing of the trade names that PADINI carry on. Padini carries SEED. VINCCI. MikiHouse. P A ; Co. PDI. Padini Authentic and more. Their merchandises non merely fashionable yet besides impersonal which is suited for all type of consumers. Padini holding more than 330 retail mercantile establishments in Malaysia and around the universe of Padini Holding Berhad. Within these a batch of retail mercantile establishment. Padini is doing certain that they are unbreakable for their rivals. We can establish Padini mercantile establishment about every shopping Centre. Padini is among the celebrated trade name established since 1971 in Malaysia. It strategically located factors and warehouses to guarantee they holding broad market coverage in Malaysia. Beside that. Padini ever guarantee the quality of their merchandises is in higher facet for their trade name and in Ouse trade names under them. holding good quality control. They besides guarantee their merchandises is suited for all ages of consumers. like Mikihouse selling kid and pregnancy wear. VINCCI selling lady accoutrements. We will write a custom essay sample on Padini SWOT Report Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Padini SWOT Report Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Padini SWOT Report Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The failing of Padini Holding Berhad is the net income is unstable. The consumers passing the budget on garment are depending on the season. In Malaysia. the net income will be at the highest extremum where there is festival season like Chinese New Year or Hari Raya. Another failing of Padini is they have no online shopping web site. For client. they can merely purchase Padini’s merchandise in shops which is non really convenient for the client particularly everyone are busy on working presents. they may hold no free clip to shopping. It besides non all the client is populating in the metropolis and near to shopping Centre. Actually Padini can utilizing the power as market leading to spread out their concern. As a market leader in the retail concern. Padini holding a immense power and chance to spread out their concern to following degree. Padini besides can open more subdivisions to cover loss of possible online client. So far. Padini consider as a celebrated trade name in retail concern which is dressing. lady accoutrements. places. children’s and pregnancy wear and more. Within this countries of concern. possible client is more interested in window shopping instead than online shopping. We think it is a good scheme for PADINI to open more subdivisions in order to pull their clients. Those betterment besides will convey menaces to Padini Holding Berhad. It will increase competition while they open more subdivisions and spread out their concern. Competition is appear where there are legion other trade names which operate at the same location as Padini. The other trade names compete non merely for market portion and floor infinite. Even though Padini have no famous person indorsement. Padini still pull off to be the led trade name in Malaysia. So it means. the power of Padini this trade name itself is powerful plenty to cover the dainties in the concern. To beef up their trade name. Padini should see offering a famous person indorsement.

Characteristics of a Knowledge and Value- Centered Manager Essays

Characteristics of a Knowledge and Value- Centered Manager Essays Characteristics of a Knowledge and Value- Centered Manager Essay Characteristics of a Knowledge and Value- Centered Manager Essay Characteristics of a Knowledge- and Value-Centered Manager 10 characteristics necessary for an effective manager: Vision- knowledge centered Ability to motivate- value centered Efficiency- knowledge centered Organization- knowledge centered Control- knowledge centered Ability to plan- knowledge centered Positive attitude- value centered Sense perspective- value centered Respect- value centered Trust- value centered All of these characteristics add value for an effective manager. The first one is vision; this helps because everyone starts something with a view of what it will become. This will also help motivate other by knowing as your company grows it will improve and be something great because, the whole team has worked together. You need a vision so you have a goal/ something to work towards. A manager needs to be efficient, because they have many responsibilities that need to be fulfilled and people depending on them. They need to be organized also because, they have so many responsibilities and so little time. Managers need to control their company, if you have a group of regular employees telling you what to do confusion starts, because there is not a designated person to go to for issues. So it is safe to say, you should know your role. A manager needs to have the ability to plan, everything might come at you and you will have to know what to do. Say you have a restaurant; you would have to plan on ‘chilly’ more in winter months than you would at other times of the year. When a manager you need to have a positive attitude, you cannot expect your employee to have a positive attitude when you don’t have one. Besides that it’s good for business, people are not going to want to go somewhere that has snotty service. Sense perspective is something a manager should have; respect is a very important quality. More often than not if your manager shows respect to you, it will catch on. A manager should want to gain their employees trust. I know at my first job I had a boss and I mean boss. I know that it felt awkward eating lunch beside her.

How to Parlay Your Consumer Magazine Experience into Trade Magazine Success

How to Parlay Your Consumer Magazine Experience into Trade Magazine Success I often find, at parties and at networking events, that even fellow journalists are rarely intrigued The truth, however, is that some of the best work I’ve done is for trade publications. Some of the coolest reporting stories I have to share have been made possible because these publications had the funds to send me to strange places to cover even stranger topics. The topics and the trade publications may not seem sexy, but the fatter paycheck, the friendly editors, and the challenge of discovering new and exciting fields certainly make them worth the effort of querying. If you haven’t had much luck with trade magazines so far, here are five quick ways you can parlay your consumer magazine or newspaper experience for the trades: 1. Take a consumer magazine or newspaper article you’ve written and identify the major trades in that story. For instance, I once wrote a piece for a national women’s magazine about women-only trains in India. I didn’t ever think it could be a trade story, so I was really surprised when an editor at â€Å"Trains† magazine paid me to reprint the story. If you look closely, you’ll find at least one major identifiable trade in every story that you write. Find a magazine that caters to that trade. Pitch it. 2. Most trade magazines are not dull, dry, and dreary, like the writing gurus would have you believe. Many of them feature articles that are written with just as much craft and care as those in consumer publications. I have won an award for a story I wrote for a trade that resonated with the judges because of its human aspect. Look through national and regional magazines and find ideas that could potentially work for trade magazines.   I often find new and breaking stories in the New York Times or the Wall Street Journal that other freelancers haven’t thought to pitch to trade magazine editors. 3. Tie your ideas to current events. When the Commonwealth Games came to Delhi in 2010, most freelancers I knew were (unsuccessfully) pitching to major newspapers and magazines. I, instead offered stories to a construction magazine and an engineering news magazine and earned several thousand dollars and a cover story. 4. When you travel, don’t forget to target these magazines. The trades have several US-based writers they can hire regularly but their networks are limited abroad. If you’re traveling out of the country, e-mail some of the trade magazine editors (even if you don’t know them) and offer to bring back something. The best-case scenario is that editors might just hand you assignments of their own even before you’ve left and the worst case is that you may come back with some fascinating ideas and an already established relationship with an editor. 5. Everything is a trade. Think about the truth of that statement for a minute. No matter what you’re writing about, you can find a trade magazine angle to it. And once you start noticing that potential, you’ll never run out of markets for your work.

Cal report week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cal report week 3 - Essay Example These were named as radical humanism or subjective change ; radical structuralism which is to do with the many conflicts in society; interpretive sociology which deals with the interpretation of society ; and functionalist sociology which sees society as consisting of many interacting parts. It was discovered within the group how these ideas all relate to learning and knowledge within organizations, and also how they could be applied to particular difficulties. The various paradigms can be utilized individually or more than one can used at one time. To add a greater degree of understanding and the ability to apply these ideas metaphors can be used as shown by Morgan in 1980 and later by Hassard ( 1991) It is necessary to choose those which best fit our particular circumstances and reflect on them. As I took part in the week 3 learning group I began to discover how my the structure of my company fits into the various models of management research and how to use that knowledge in order to create the most applicable knowledge. I am now attempting to fit the paradigms to my work situation and see how compatible the two are. Also , using the right language , as described by Van Maanen (1991) will make it easier to produce convincing arguments.  Together with the use of metaphor this will help me to produce suitable solutions for my organization. The main aim this week was to be able to turn theories into practice. This means translating the models into actual work tasks and, by using the correct knowledge creation , enabling the most beneficial decisions to be made. HASSARD,J. 1991, Mulitple Paradigmsand Organizational Analysis : A Case Study, Organization Studies, 12 ( 2) pages 275-299, EBSCOhost, available from http:web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/ehost/detail?hid=105&sid=446561bf-3152-405d-87fd-f6972fd2d38e%40sessionmgr115&vid=5&data=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGI2ZzY29wZT1zaXRI#db=buh&AN=593166, accessed 25th July 2011 MORGAN,G. 1980, Paradigms, metaphors and

How is the veil portrayed in Western Media Essay

How is the veil portrayed in Western Media - Essay Example People are surrounded by time, culture, environment and the society, which can turn out the formation of many opinions about an issue that we face in everyday society. One of most controversial topics regards to Islam is the Veil. In the past twenty to thirty years Hijab or the veil has been widely recognized as a symbol of the Muslim woman in the western media. Many people want to know more about Islam and Muslim culture when they see a woman wearing a head scarf or a man with a full grown beard. Many generalizations and questions are formed in the minds of so many western non-Muslims in regards to the basic idea and concepts behind the veil through the influence of their western media. During the time of conflict between the "Islam" and "West", the media powerfully altered the minds of western non-Muslims by negative exploitation about Islam, Muslims, in particular about Muslim women. Misconceptions, like, if they are bald under the veil or if Muslim women sleep with their veils on , to the involvement of "terrorism" that contrasts to what Muslim women believe the veil represents. According to a CNN survey, Most Muslims come from lower middle class family backgrounds and their sole purpose for coming to America and living a good part of their lives away from their family is to make good money and send it back home. All the burden of the family is on their shoulders and they are the sole bread earners in the house. They just dont seem to be bothered by whatever is going around in the world as they are entangled in their daily routines. Usually these people are doing two or more than three jobs. They dont realize that by not clarifying things, they are digging a hole for themselves.(Shah, 2001) Muslims believe western media use the veil as a means to exploit Muslim women, and degrade them. According to them in west media assumes, that the action of just one Muslim is the

Philosophy Sections 7.1 & 7.2 Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Sections 7.1 7.2 Essay 1. What are the requirements for knowledge? 4.What is Plato’s allegory of the cave supposed to demonstrate? Plato’s allegory of the cave is supposed to demonstrate not only the human situation in general but Socrates’ life in particular. Socrates glimpsed the true nature of reality and tried to convince the inhabitants of Athens that they didn’t know what they thought they knew. The objects that cast shadows on the wall represent what Plato considers to be the truly real objects: the forms. 5.What is Descartes’ dream argument? Descartes’ dream argument is as followed: 1) We can’t be certain that we’re not dreaming. 2) If we can’t be certain that we’re not dreaming, we can’t be certain that what we sense is real. 3) If we can’t be certain that what we sense is real, we can’t acquire knowledge through sense experience. 4) Therefore, we can’t acquire knowledge through sense experience. According to Descartes, you can’t rule out the possibility that you’re dreaming so you’re senses can’t give you knowledge of the external world. 8. Why do empiricists believe that there are no synthetic a priori truths? Empiricists believe that there are no synthetic a priori truths because they believe that sense experience is our only source of knowledge of the external world. 9.How does Kant explain the possibility of synthetic a priori truths? Kant explained the possibility of synthetic a priori truths by examining the method of inquiry used by mathematicians. Kant found that what makes it possible for mathematicians to discover such truths is that they study the principles the mind uses to construct mathematical objects. Section 7.2 (3 and 4) 3. What is representative realism? Representative realism is the doctrine that sensations are caused by external objects and that our sensations represent these objects. 4. What is the distinction between primary and secondary qualities? The distinction between primary and secondary qualities is that while secondary qualities exist in the mind not in the actual object, primary qualities are possessed by material objects.

Shakespeares Rebuttal to Possibilities in Sonnet 96 Essay -- Sonnet e

Shakespeare's Rebuttal to Possibilities in Sonnet 96      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's apostrophic "Sonnet 96," one of the sonnets written to the blond young man, is arranged similar to a rebuttal in an argument or debate." In the first three quatrains, he describes several possibilities, such as the youth's winning nature and potential for mischief, only to refute them in the couplet." He begins with concise one-line points in the first quatrain, moves to a comparison utilizing the entire quatrain in the second, and transitions to two-line arguments in the final quatrain, evoking the idea of a logical, organized argument." Along with reason, however, are the romantic tones of the couplet, which refutes the statements made in the douzain." The conditional nature of the sonnet parallels the individual conditional statements made in the quatrains.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare uses end-stopped lines in the first quatrain that mimic the brisk style of a debate or quarrel to establish the arguments for and against the blond young man." He explains, "Some say [his] fault is youth" (1), while others think that youth is his "grace" (2)." The parallel structure of lines one and two deftly contrast the range of opinions on the subject's character."" Along with youth, Shakespeare claims that some view "gentle sport" (2) as a grace as well, playing on the double meaning of "sport" as both "pleasant pastime" and "amorous dalliance or intercourse" (OED)."" It appears that Shakespeare falls in this category, saying in line three that people of all stations and classes love the young man's graces and faults, because he "makest faults graces" (4)." Line four possesses a fault in being hypermetric, whichà ·like the young man's faultsà ·can b... ...tradictory to the remainder of the sonnet, as well as the fact that the rhyme of the couplet returns to the b rhyme of the first quatrain." Perhaps this implies that Shakespeare is among the people who "say [his] grace is youth and gentle sport" (2).""" However, the amorous connotation of "sport" in line two fits well with the romantic couplet, which serves as a rejection of the suggestions of the rest of the sonnet, and instead seems to suggest that the young man be content to restrain himself for the love of the poet.    Works Cited The Oxford English Dictionary."" 2nd ed." Oxford:" Clarendon P, 1989." 26 Feb." 2001." http://www.asu.edu/lib/resources/db/oed.htm Shakespeare, William." "Sonnet 96."" The Norton Anthology of English Literature." Eds." M. H." Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt." 7th ed." 2 vols." New York: Norton, 2000." 1:" 1031-32. Shakespeare's Rebuttal to Possibilities in Sonnet 96 Essay -- Sonnet e Shakespeare's Rebuttal to Possibilities in Sonnet 96      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's apostrophic "Sonnet 96," one of the sonnets written to the blond young man, is arranged similar to a rebuttal in an argument or debate." In the first three quatrains, he describes several possibilities, such as the youth's winning nature and potential for mischief, only to refute them in the couplet." He begins with concise one-line points in the first quatrain, moves to a comparison utilizing the entire quatrain in the second, and transitions to two-line arguments in the final quatrain, evoking the idea of a logical, organized argument." Along with reason, however, are the romantic tones of the couplet, which refutes the statements made in the douzain." The conditional nature of the sonnet parallels the individual conditional statements made in the quatrains.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare uses end-stopped lines in the first quatrain that mimic the brisk style of a debate or quarrel to establish the arguments for and against the blond young man." He explains, "Some say [his] fault is youth" (1), while others think that youth is his "grace" (2)." The parallel structure of lines one and two deftly contrast the range of opinions on the subject's character."" Along with youth, Shakespeare claims that some view "gentle sport" (2) as a grace as well, playing on the double meaning of "sport" as both "pleasant pastime" and "amorous dalliance or intercourse" (OED)."" It appears that Shakespeare falls in this category, saying in line three that people of all stations and classes love the young man's graces and faults, because he "makest faults graces" (4)." Line four possesses a fault in being hypermetric, whichà ·like the young man's faultsà ·can b... ...tradictory to the remainder of the sonnet, as well as the fact that the rhyme of the couplet returns to the b rhyme of the first quatrain." Perhaps this implies that Shakespeare is among the people who "say [his] grace is youth and gentle sport" (2).""" However, the amorous connotation of "sport" in line two fits well with the romantic couplet, which serves as a rejection of the suggestions of the rest of the sonnet, and instead seems to suggest that the young man be content to restrain himself for the love of the poet.    Works Cited The Oxford English Dictionary."" 2nd ed." Oxford:" Clarendon P, 1989." 26 Feb." 2001." http://www.asu.edu/lib/resources/db/oed.htm Shakespeare, William." "Sonnet 96."" The Norton Anthology of English Literature." Eds." M. H." Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt." 7th ed." 2 vols." New York: Norton, 2000." 1:" 1031-32.

Economic And Social Changes In Post 1960 Essay

This report is aimed at addressing recent economic events and economic reports. First is analysis of problems of unemployment rate, changes in general price level, total output of goods and services and the ways in which the government raises and spends money. Other areas to be reviewed include examining the relationships between economic variables such as output, employment, interests, money and prices. This is the key variables that determine macro-economic activities and the level of national income in an economy. It therefore analyses the performance of the economy as a whole. Goals of Macro-Economic Policy: The major aims of macro-economic policy in relation to the recent economic events are as shown below. (1)It aims at full employment level in the economy: Full employment is favorable in an economy because the greater the level of unemployment the greater the goods and services in an economy. When more goods and services are produced in an economy more sales are made. The more the sales are made. The more the sales made the profits also made by a company also increase. Therefore to improve and increase profits made by companies there should be full employment level in an economy. Also the burden of unemployment and loss of goods and services is not desirable in an economy. (2)Price stability: In consideration to the recent economic events inflation should be avoided at all costs such that prices remain stable and predictable offer time. And this is advocated since inflation adversely affects a number of businesses and individual purchasing decisions. (3)Economic growth: Takes place when the real output increases more rapidly than the increase in population. In developed countries production is higher than the increase in population growth. With economic growth the society has more goods and services at its disposal and correspondingly high standard of living. (4) External balances: If a country has a favorable balance of payment its foreign exchange results will increase and therefore it can import much needed capital for investment. Unfavorable balance of payment will lead to reduced flow of foreign exchange to finance the trade deficit. Most developing countries have unfavorable balance of payment. This has lead to poor growth of their economies. Unlike in developed countries that have a favorable balance of payment. Hence they earn more foreign exchange. This makes developed countries to import needed capital for investments. National income accounting National income accounting is an accounting framework used in measuring current economic activities of all countries in the world. They use or apply national income accounts as their standard measure. The national income accounts are based on the idea that the amount of economic activity that occurs that occur during a period of time can be measured in terms of the following. (1) Output produced, excluding output used up in intermediate stage of production. If a country produces more goods and services per year then its economy will be improved. If the GDP (gross domestic product) is high it means that the country has produced more goods and services within that year hence promoting the economy of the country. (2) Income approach: In terms of income received by the producers output Inflation Inflation refers to persistent increase in the general price level over time. By analyzing the recent economic events inflation has got a number of effects to an economy. The following are the effects of inflation. Due to inflation income and wealth are redistributed arbitrarily, for inflation. Imposes a tax on those who hold money as opposed to those who holding real assets. Inflation reduces the standard of living of persons dependent on fixed incomes, for example pensioners. It benefits debtors and penalizes lenders. Due to inflation banks charge higher interest rates. Due to inflation interest rates rise, both because people require a higher reward for lending money which is falling in value and also because the government is forced to take ant inflationary measures. Investment is discouraged by government ant-inflation policy . because of inflation the prices of goods go high compared to the wages people are getting. Savings is discouraged by high level of inflation in our economies things are likely to cost more if bought later. Hence people will spend money to buy goods and stock them . this discourages savings. Inflation encourages speculation by the purchase of really assets by borrowing later than investment by the use of resources in production. Indeed inflation discourages investment in long-term projects because possible government anti-inflation policies are difficult to forecast. Because of inflation inefficiency is encouraged because a buoyant seller market blunts competition as higher prices obtained for their products allow even inefficient firms to survive. Inflation does not promote health promotion. Good and efficient firms lack market while inefficient firms gain market. Inflation generates industrial and social unrest since there is competition of higher incomes. Thus because of rising prices, trade unions ask for annual wages rise. Often demands exceed the rate of inflation anticipating future rise or seeking a larger shares of the national cake to improve their members’ real standard of living. Those with the most muscle gain at the expense of the weaker groups. Due to inflation employees in companies will strike in demand for high wages. This will force the companies to deploy its employees due to industrial unrests. By deploying a few workers the remaining once will then demand for higher wages. This situation will affect the operations of a company. If also the company reduces the number of its employees fewer products will be produced. If production is low fewer sales will be made also affecting the smooth running of the company. Additional administrative costs are incurred in offsetting go-slow and work to rule disruptions, allowing for inflation in negotiating contracts and wage rates, revising price lists and labels. High administrative costs arise due to inflation. Due to inflation companies may change their suppliers this means that new contracts should be made. To sign a new contract with a new company takes some time; this will affect the progress of a company. Due to inflation also prices of products change. Time is taken at preparation of new price lists and price labels. The rate of inflation tends to increase largely because high wage settlements in anticipation of higher future prices help to bring about the very rise which people fear. Since people are demanding for high wages then the rate of inflation increases this leads to an increase in the price of goods. External effects of inflation Inflation can create serious difficulties for a country that depends on international trade. These difficulties include: Exports tend to decline because they are relatively dealer in foreign market. Inflation increases the prices of products produced. This high prices discourse exports. Imports tend to decline because foreign goods are relatively cheap compared to Kenyan goods. Because of high prices of locally produced goods imports become discouraged. Higher money incomes in the economy increase the demand for imports and tend to decrease exports because of buoyant home market makes it less vital for manufactures to seek outlets abroad for their goods. An outward movement of capital may take place if price rise continues. Since foreign trades and financiers lose confidence in the shilling maintaining its current rate of exchange. Due to high levels of inflation, prices of goods will keep on growing this will eventually lead to investors losing confidence in a country hence they will not continue investing there. Money will not be invested in that country. It will lead to saving in other countries with stronger economies. Microeconomics Analysis on recent economic event under microeconomics Scarcity: Due to the drought that is already affecting people many products are know scarce. For example due to lack of rain milk is now scarce hence the price of milk has gone very high. Due to the since there is high demand for milk and less is readily available at the market the price of milk keeps on increasing. Since milk is not available in the market it means that it’s limited in supply. Scarcity is a relative term and it means less than requirements. Scarcity of resources is the main economic problem because all the abilities within our disposal like time, wealth and money are all scarce. A commodity is considered scarce when it is limited in supply. And because of scarcity of resources human beings can not be satisfied. Theory of demand and supply in microeconomics: In the country presently there is a shortage of maize. Due to the shortage of maize in the country the price flour has almost doubled. Demand theory plays a crucial role in business decision making. Business executives have to take decisions such as what to produce and how much to produce . However production managers will seek information regarding the commodity its respective quantities demanded by the consumers at different prices. There has been a shortage of bread in the country. The main factors that led to the shortage of bread are: Cost of production: It is likely possible that the cost of production of bread was high, relative to the price hence few types of bread were being produced. When the cost of production of a product is higher than its relative price less of that product is produced or so firms end up closing their businesses due to the high cost involved in production. The production method: Prices of the inputs such as labor, energy or machinery: The price of bread was high for example due to the inflation rate of the country. Due to inflation labor charges go high also affecting the price of bread. Some factors affect the demand of bread in the market. Such factors include: The level of income of people: This is a key determinant. It states that as people’s income rise individuals will tend to buy more of market products. Size of Market: The size of the market may be measured by the population. A larger population implies a bigger demand of goods and services. Price of related goods; changes in the price of substitutes will lead to a decrease or increase in the demand for the product. Anticipated price rises; If the government changes the tax rates, then there will be anticipation of price increases. This will lead to an increase in demand for the product in the short run. Increase in information technology; The availability of broadband services to homes and offices has led to an increase in demand for products because shopping has become interesting. Nowadays in the world, every home is intending to have an internet connection which is in essence increasing the demand for products and have a wide variety to choose from. Taste or preference; Special influence. These are seasonal demands, festivals or feasibilities and demonstration effects. Market structures Perfect competitive market structures: In perfect in a competitive market structure no individual seller can influence the price of the commodity, Perfect competitive is that situation of the market when there is large no of buyers and sellers, and there is no individual who dictates the price or the level output. Its therefore clear that one price of one commodity prevails in such a market. Further its noted that in such a market average revenue and marginal revenue bath will remain constant under the perfect competition however the concept of cost is significant under this markets. The cost that are usually involved include total cost average fixed costs and marginal cost. Monopoly and monopolistic market: Monopoly is that market structure in which a single producer controls the whole supply of a single commodity which has no close single substitute. In case of monopoly the following conditions must apply: (1) There must be one producer or one seller; That single producer may be an individual owner or a group of partners. (2) The commodity produced by the producer must have no close substitute. For example considering the current shortage of tomatoes in our county. Only one group of people are producing the tomatoes hence its price can only be controlled by this group of people country wide. REFERENCES Anonymous. A Not So Great 2008: Emerging Trends Report. National Real Estate Investor (Online Exclusive), (Oct 17, 2007). Baumol W, (1992); Economics principles & policies; Australia, edn, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich BLIX, Marten, 1995,† Underlying Inflation- A Common Trends Approach,† Bank of Sweden Working Paper No. 23 Elkington J. (2001); The Chrysalis Economy, Capstone, oxford. Hahn, E, â€Å"Core Inflation in the Euro Area: An Application of the Generalized Dynamic Factor Model,† Center for financial Studies Working Paper No. 2002/11 (Frankfurt Center for Financial Studies) McTaggart D Finlay C & Parkin M (2003); Economics, Pearson education Australia Waud R (1997); Macroeconomics; Pearson, Longman.

Different between leader and manager

LEADER.From the root word itself, a leader is basically someone who leads or guides and is in charge or in command of others. (www. thefreedictionary. com, 2007) But not every one is a born leader. Leadership to some is innate and to others, a skill.. And certain leaders have different characteristics but same basic roles. In essence, there are nine roles for a leader. First, a leader must take the role of a sage. He constantly develops wisdom through continuous gain of knowledge about wide-range subjects and designs a strategy by being mindful of considerations and consequences.He must also be open to find the best path for the organization. Second role that the leader must play is that of a visionary. A visionary-leader must know how to turn seemingly impossible dreams into reality by innovating powerful ideas and articulating it to the members so that the whole group would act. A leader should be a magician. Magician in a sense that he should be able to reform things without wasti ng too much effort and coordinates change by maintaining equilibrium among the structures, systems and procedures of the old system into a new one.Also, he should be able to maintain calmness despite a transition’s instability. The fourth role is that of a globalist. The leader should promote the organization’s accomplishment in leveraging the diversity of its workforce to ensue its global activities. The leader should also be able find the common ground on which the workforce can productively function. Next role is being a mentor. The leader should be committed to personal and professional development and can help his workforce to advance their careers through several learning opportunities and is devoted to the individuality of each member of the group.The leader should also serves as a motivator by generating an environment for people to find their inner drive. Then, the leader should also be an ally which builds partnerships to come up with an effective and mutuall y beneficial collaboration. The leader must also be a team player. He must also be willing to extend his trust to others. Then, the leader should also be sovereign. He should always be mindful in the use of power and is clever enough to take risks and face uncertainty. He should be responsible enough to take liabilities for the organization. He should be reliable in honoring obligations.The leader must also be a guide. He must be a flexible organizer and focused. The leader makes the journey towards the goal worthwhile. He should be able to use his expertise to accomplish the work and support the efforts of others. The last role of a leader is being an artisan. The workforce should see the leader’s devotion to master his craft and is always pursuing excellence through balanced aesthetic with practical standards. The leader should also be able to sustain attention to detail and is always pushing the creative juices of every one. (theleadingedge. com, 2007)Style is the method a nd approach of presenting direction, plan implementation and motivating people. (Clark, 2005) In the manner of leadership, there are basically three styles. First is the authoritarian or autocratic style. In this style, the leader has absolute power over the team. The workforce has little opportunity to make suggestions even though it is for the best interest of the organization. This style is best employed for routine or unskilled jobs. Second is the bureaucratic style wherein it works â€Å"by the books† to ensure that the work is done properly.This is usually used in works involving serious safety risks or big corporate deals. The last is the democratic style. The leader is open to the suggestion of the members in the decision-making process but in the end, the final decision still relies on the leader. MANAGER. He is someone who manages or controls resources and expenditures. (eLook. org, 2007) Managers play a significant role in administering the performance of their org anization. First, he is involved in the decision-making process of the organization.This role involves planning out strategies to solve or improve the quality of the wok force and the product. The manager should also be concerned in setting, planning and organizing the goal of the organization. To achieve short and long term goals, the manager should communicate the vision of the organization to the whole members. As the manager, he should also be able to guide and give directions so that the group can efficiently perform. Also, he should also empower the team because the performance of the organization greatly depends on how you motivate them.As a manager, you should also be able to effectively communicate with your subordinates to maintain the rapport in the organization. Another role is to evaluate and analyze a process that may give the best performance for the organization. Also, the manager should provide fulfillment amongst everyone. Lastly, the manager must be an excellent r ole model to the whole organization. The manager must always set a high standard not just for the group but for him as well and should be able to accomplish it. The manager must set as an example of being accountable for his and the group’s performance.(about-personal-growth. com, 2007) There are two main styles of management. These are autocratic and permissive. In the autocratic style, the manager makes all the decision unilaterally while in the permissive style, the manager allows the subordinates in the decision-making and gives them a substantial degree of autonomy in the work activities. (www. rpi. edu, 2007) One example of a good leader is Margaret Thatcher. She was responsible for setting in motion a series of interrelated events that gave a revolutionary twist to the century.She also helped the world mark the end of the millennium with hope and buoyancy. She became powerful person to many transformations that the world has seen. (Jonhson, 2003) On the other hand, the re are many great managers that do not make it in print. But, there are ways to become a great manager. The best managers are those who have an enthusiasm for continuous learning and are willing to work for their self improvement. (Hill, August 2003) A good manager is also someone who is both a team player and is concerned for others. Leaders and managers are almost synonymous but we there are still some differences.In a reality, the context of a leader is someone that is etched in our minds as someone heroes or patriotic. Whereas, we see managers as someone fitted in the corporate world. They are seldom associated with greatness or patriotism. In the corporate world, we also seldom hear about great managers a s great leaders. The difference between manager (or management) is that they are two sides of the same coin. In being one, they perceive each other whilst being diverse and different; they are parts of the whole with vital contrasts and in those very same contrasts, they make each other clear. (Garner, 2005)

Free Essays on Thomas Paines Common Sense

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the term common sense â€Å"†¦designates the sum of original principles found in all normal minds and the ability to judge and reason in accordance with those principles.† Equally, when Paine adopted this title for his work, he believed he was speaking on behalf of all of the â€Å"normal minds† in the colonies that were being subjugated to the King’s tyrannical rule. In addition, he understood the phrase common sense to be an appropriate and applicable term dealing with the â€Å"original principles† these men and women fostered as well as their â€Å"ability to judge and reason† within this ideology. Through his writing, Paine desperately hoped to prove to his fellow man that common sense was the only entity needed in order to recognize and correct the social mayhem infringed upon them on a daily basis. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet, Common Sense, begins with the creation of government, as lived by the colonist, and progresses to the wrongful acts administered by Parliament and the King of England. Thomas Paine explains how the colonies began governing themselves and how an appointed King did not necessarily have the people’s values in mind. This groundwork laid the path for the argument against the British government to take place. It is portrayed that the people of the colonies existed in harmony and dealt with their own problems in ways that conformed to the majority. Paine explains how disruptive it is for a single man, a King, to rule and govern a colony hundreds of miles away. This is very obvious and logical. â€Å"To be always running three or four thousand miles with a tale or a petition, waiting four or five months for an answer, which when obtained requires five or six more to explain it in† (24). To worsen the situation of the King, Paine also discus ses the existence of heredity succession in a monarchy. â€Å"To the evil of monarchy we have added that of hereditary succession; a... Free Essays on Thomas Paine's Common Sense Free Essays on Thomas Paine's Common Sense According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the term common sense â€Å"†¦designates the sum of original principles found in all normal minds and the ability to judge and reason in accordance with those principles.† Equally, when Paine adopted this title for his work, he believed he was speaking on behalf of all of the â€Å"normal minds† in the colonies that were being subjugated to the King’s tyrannical rule. In addition, he understood the phrase common sense to be an appropriate and applicable term dealing with the â€Å"original principles† these men and women fostered as well as their â€Å"ability to judge and reason† within this ideology. Through his writing, Paine desperately hoped to prove to his fellow man that common sense was the only entity needed in order to recognize and correct the social mayhem infringed upon them on a daily basis. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet, Common Sense, begins with the creation of government, as lived by the colonist, and progresses to the wrongful acts administered by Parliament and the King of England. Thomas Paine explains how the colonies began governing themselves and how an appointed King did not necessarily have the people’s values in mind. This groundwork laid the path for the argument against the British government to take place. It is portrayed that the people of the colonies existed in harmony and dealt with their own problems in ways that conformed to the majority. Paine explains how disruptive it is for a single man, a King, to rule and govern a colony hundreds of miles away. This is very obvious and logical. â€Å"To be always running three or four thousand miles with a tale or a petition, waiting four or five months for an answer, which when obtained requires five or six more to explain it in† (24). To worsen the situation of the King, Paine also discus ses the existence of heredity succession in a monarchy. â€Å"To the evil of monarchy we have added that of hereditary succession; a...

Basic US Naturalization Requirements

Basic US Naturalization Requirements Naturalization is the voluntary process by which the status of U.S. citizenship is granted to foreign citizens or nationals after they have fulfilled the requirements established by Congress. The naturalization process offers immigrants a path to the benefits of U.S. citizenship. Under the U.S. Constitution, Congress has the power to make all laws regulating both the immigration and naturalization processes. No state can grant U.S citizenship to immigrants. Most people who legally enter the United States as immigrants are eligible to become naturalized U.S. citizens. In general, persons applying for naturalization must be at least 18 years old and must have lived in the United States for five years. During that five-year period, they must not have left the country for more than a total of 30 months or 12 consecutive months. Immigrants wishing to apply for U.S. citizenship are required to file a petition for naturalization and pass an examination demonstrating their ability to read, speak, and write simple English and that they have a basic knowledge of   American history, government, and the Constitution. In addition, two U.S. citizens who know the applicant personally must swear that the applicant will remain loyal to the United States. If the applicant successfully completes the requirements and examination for naturalization, he or she may take the Oath of Allegiance for Naturalized Citizens to become U.S. citizens. Except for the right to serve as president or vice president of the United States, naturalized citizens are entitled to all of the rights granted to natural-born citizens. While the exact process of naturalization can vary depending on each individuals situation, there are some basic requirements that all immigrants to the United States must meet before applying for naturalization. U.S. naturalization is administered by the U.S. Customs and Immigration Service (USCIS), formerly known as the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). According to the USCIS, the basic requirements for naturalization are: Be at least 18 years old at the time of filing Form N-400, Application for Naturalization. Be a permanent legal U.S. resident (have a green card) for at least 5 years. Have lived within the state or USCIS district with jurisdiction over your place of residence for at least 3 months prior to the date of filing Form N-400. Have continuous residence in the United States as a lawful permanent resident for at least 5 years immediately preceding the date of filing Form N-400. Be physically present in the United States for at least 30 months out of the 5 years immediately preceding the date of filing Form N-400. Be able to read, write, and speak basic English. Have a basic understanding of U.S. history and government (civics). Be a person of good moral character. Demonstrate an understanding of the principles and ideals of the U.S. Constitution. Civics Test All applicants for naturalization are required to take a civics test to prove a basic understanding of U.S. history and government. There are 100 questions on the civics test. During the naturalization interview, applicants will be asked up to 10 questions from the list of 100 questions. Applicants must answer at least six (6) of the 10 questions correctly to pass the civics test. Applicants have two opportunities to take the English and civics tests per application. Applicants who fail any portion of the test during their first interview will be retested on the portion of the test they failed within 90 days. English Speaking Test The ability of applicants to speak English is determined by a USCIS Officer during an eligibility interview on Form N-400, Application for Naturalization. English Reading Test Applicants are required to read at least one out of three sentences correctly to demonstrate an ability to read in English. English Writing Test Applicants must write at least one out of three sentences correctly to demonstrate an ability to write in English. How Many Pass the Test? Nearly 2 million naturalization tests were administered nationwide from October 1, 2009, through June 30, 2012. According to the USCIS, the nationwide overall pass rate for all applicants taking both the English and civics tests was 92% in 2012. According to the report, the average annual pass rate for the overall naturalization test has improved from 87.1% in 2004 to 95.8% in 2010. The average annual pass rate for the English language test improved from 90.0% in 2004 to 97.0% in 2010, while the pass rate for the civics test improved from 94.2% to 97.5%. How Long Does the Process Take? The average total time required to process a successful application for U.S. naturalization – from applying to being sworn in as a citizen – was 4.8 months in 2012. This represents a vast improvement over the 10 to 12 months required in 2008. Oath of Citizenship All applicants who successfully complete the naturalization process are required to take an Oath of U.S. Citizenship and Allegiance to the U.S. Constitution before being issued an official Certificate of Naturalization.

3d printing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3d printing - Essay Example innovative technological invention of 3D-printers, members of the society have no business ordering for the items they require for their daily activities. Although the time factor is one among the major benefits of using 3-D printing, this paper aims at analyzing how 3-D printing affects manufacturing, quality, the economy, and inflation. The paper discusses the operational, strategic, financial, and social effects of 3-D printing. Manufacturing involves the process of transforming raw materials into consumable products for commercial, personal or final use. With reference to technological advancements, 3D-printing has brought the manufacturing process closer to the end user. Through 3D-printing, individuals are able to manufacture the items they require from the convenience of their living areas. However, when considering the processes involved in manufacturing, it is evident that 3-D printing has varying effects on the community as a whole and the manufacturers in particular. For instance, the use of 3D-printing is a solution-driven invention that aims at eliminating the costs associated with the manufacturing process, distribution, storage, and security of products. On the other hand, it eliminates an employment segment as manufacturing processes that required vast categories of labor are replaced with machines functioning through the use of virtual intelligence. While the manufacturing process making use o f 3D-printing is likely to put a number of people out employment, it allows great deal of diversity for the options available to customers. In addition, the use of 3D-printing engages the customer with the manufacturing process making it easy for customers to manipulate design, taste, content, and feel of various objects to match personal preferences (D’Aveni, para 1-4). A machine is an operational device which combines various parts working in various patterns to form a system. Through the application of virtual logic, a system is directed or programed to